我們聽了一場關于“狀語從句課件”的演講讓我們思考了很多。老師會對課本中的主要教學內容整理到教案課件中，所以老師寫教案可不能隨便對待。教案是評估學生學習效果的有效依據(jù)。經(jīng)過閱讀本頁你的認識會更加全面！
復合句（定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句）
定語從句
考點一 關系代詞引導的定語從句
1．whose是一個表示所屬關系的詞，在定語從句中作定語，of which可以代替whose指物，詞序一般是名詞＋of which或of which＋名詞。of whom 可以代替whose指人，詞序是名詞＋of whom。
2．which，that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。先行詞既有人又有物時，關系代詞用that；which代指前面整個句子內容。
3．who，whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。
考點二 介詞提前了的定語從句
1．與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配。2．與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。
3．of＋which/whom表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose)考點三 關系副詞引導的定語從句
1．關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，when指時間，where指地點，why指原因，在定語從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。
2．先行詞是時間名詞或地點名詞時，如果在從句中不作狀語，則不能用when或where引導定語從句，而要用which/that。
考點四 先行詞為point, situation, case等的定語從句
point，situation，case，activity等，從表面上看它們不是表地點的，但卻表示類似地點的意義，因此它們作先行詞時，如果引導詞在從句中作狀語，那么這個引導詞要用where；如果不作狀語，則用關系代詞that/which。
名詞性從句
考點一 主語從句
主語從句在主句中作主語，位于主句謂語動詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句子的后面，其句型結構為：It＋be＋n./adj.＋that/whether/why/when＋從句?？键c二 同位語從句
1．同位語從句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt 等名詞的后面，是對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋，說明前面名詞的具體含義。2．同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：
同位語從句是對前面名詞的內容作進一步的解釋、說明，引導詞只起引導作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定語從句是對前面名詞進行修飾、限制，引導詞在句中作一定的句子成分?？键c三 表語從句
表語從句在句中作表語，位于主句的系動詞之后。引導表語從句的連詞有that，whether，as if；疑問代詞有who，what，which；疑問副詞where，why，when，how等?？键c四 “疑問詞＋ever”與“no matter＋疑問詞”的區(qū)別
“疑問詞＋ever”與“no matter＋疑問詞”雖然都有“無論……”的意思，但是用法有區(qū)別：“疑問詞＋ever”既可以引導名詞性從句也可引導狀語從句，而“no matter＋疑問詞只能用來引導狀語從句。
狀語從句
考點一 時間狀語從句
1．表示時間的狀語從句可以由when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever since，as soon as等詞引導。
【溫馨提示】when可表原因，意為“既然”。
How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen? 既然你什么也聽不下去你怎么期望學東西呢？
2．as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)這些從屬連詞引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一……就……”。從句中用一般時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài)。
3．no sooner...than和hardly...when引導的從句表示“剛……就……”。主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時，從句用過去時。若把no sooner, hardly提到句首，主句須倒裝?？键c二 條件狀語從句
1．通常由if，unless如果不，除非，as(so)long as 只要，in case “結果，萬一”等連詞引導。2．由on condition(that)；provided(that)；providing(that)(假若；倘使)；supposing(that)等引導的條件狀語從句。考點三 地點狀語從句
1．通常由連詞where和wherever引導，從句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2．地點狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味。Where there's a will，there's a way.有志者事竟成?？键c四 讓步狀語從句
1.由although，though，as引導的狀語從句although和though同義，用法基本相同。前者較正式，多置于句首；后者較通俗、口語化。
【溫馨提示】 as引導的讓步狀語從句多用于書面語，語序要倒裝。Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是個孩子，但是他知道得很多。
2．even if, even though表示“即使，縱然”，有退一步設想的意味，多用于書面語中。3．whether(...or)引導讓步狀語從句，提供兩個或兩個以上的假設。4．由疑問詞＋ever引導讓步狀語從句?？键c五 原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句常用because, since, as, for引導，還可用now that(既然)，considering that...(考慮到……)，not that...but that(不是因為……而是因為)等引導?？键c六 結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句由so that, so...that, such that, such...that等詞引導。
復合句專項練習
1.The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.A.which
B.whose
C.when
D.where 【解析】答案：B 句意：這家校內商店放假時關門，它的顧客主要是學生?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。本句沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞，故可判斷逗號后面是非限制性定語從句；本句先行詞是the school shop，還原到從句后為：The school shop’s customers are mainly students.因此選B，用whose引導定語從句，關系代詞whose在從句中作定語。
2.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.A.they
B.where
C.what
D.that 【解析】答案：D 句意：這個古老的小鎮(zhèn)擁有建造得彼此靠得很近的狹窄街道和小房子。本題考查定語從句。先行詞是narrow streets and small houses，還原到從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞that。A和C不能引導定語從句；B是關系副詞，不能作主語。3.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ________ she spoke fluently.A.who
B.whom
C.which
D.that 【解析】答案：C 句意：Julie擅長德語、法語和俄語，所有的(三門語言)她都說得很流利。先行詞為German，F(xiàn)rench，Russian，代入定語從句后為：She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作of的賓語，先行詞指“物”，且介詞提前，故用which。4.Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, ________ some have gone bad due to the bad weather.A.of those
B.from which
C.of which
D.in which 【解析】答案：C 考查定語從句。此處表示“其中的一些西紅柿”，故用“介詞＋關系代詞”引導非限制性定語從句。
5.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ________ they cannot work out.A.that
B.if
C.in order that
D.as 【解析】 答案：D 句意：作為老師，我很少給我的學生難以解決的問題。先行詞為so difficult a problem，代入定語從句后為：They cannot work out so difficult a problem.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作賓語?！皊o或such＋名詞”作先行詞、且先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語時，需用as引導定語從句。本題易誤選為A項，用that引導狀語從句，但狀語從句應是完整的，所以，如選A項，題干應該為：As a teacher，I seldom give my students so difficult a problem that they cannot work it out.作為老師，我很少給我的學生如此難的問題以至他們不能解決。
6.It is still under discussion ___ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether
B.when
C.which
D.where 【解析】答案：A 本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那個舊公交車站是否應該被一家現(xiàn)代化賓館所取代仍在討論中?！癐t”作形式主語，“________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主語。根據(jù)句意及題干中的“or not”可知答案為whether，“whether...or not”在名詞性從句中意為：是否。
7.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life.A.whichever
B.however
C.whatever
D.whoever 【解析】答案：C 句意：她對我們彌足珍貴。我們已經(jīng)準備好盡一切努力挽救她的生命。這里的whatever既作take的賓語，也引導do后的賓語從句。
8.Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone ________ made you angry is important.A.that
B.which
C.why
D.what 【解析】答案：D 考查名詞性從句。句意：生氣沒什么，但是知道如何告訴別人什么導致你生氣是很重要的。tell someone之后是賓語從句，且從句缺少主語，因此空處填what。9.In recent years, there has been a heated argument about ________ it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.A.whether
B.if
C.what
D.that 【解析】答案：A 考查賓語從句?？瞻滋幵诮樵~about之后，表示“是否”之意，且在介詞之后引導賓語從句，只能用whether，介詞后通常不用if引導賓語從句。
10.The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware ________ she had gone.A.that where
B.of the place which
C.of what
D.of where 【解析】答案：D 句意：全家人都為詹妮擔心，因為沒人知道她去哪里了。be aware of知道，為固定搭配；where引導的從句作介詞of的賓語。
11.He had no sooner finished his speech ________ the students started cheering.A.since
B.as
C.when
D.than 【解析】答案：D 本題考查固定句式。句意：他剛做完演講，學生們就開始歡呼起來。no sooner往往與than連用，意為：一……就……。故答案為D項。
12.As is reported, it is 100 years ________ Qinghua University was founded.A.when
B.before
C.after
D.since 【解析】答案：D 考查狀語從句。句意：據(jù)報道，自從清華大學成立已經(jīng)有100年了。這里用句式“It be＋一段時間＋since引導的狀語從句”表示“自從……(到現(xiàn)在)有多長時間了”。
13.No matter how ________, it is not necessarily lifeless.A.a desert may be dry
B.dry a desert may be C.may a desert be dry
D.dry may a desert be 【解析】答案：B 本題考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論沙漠可能會多么干燥，那里也未必沒有生命?！皀o matter how＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語”構成讓步狀語從句。四個選項中只有B項符合要求。
14.Having checked everything, he sat down to do his homework, ________ he heard a lightening strike the electricity pole in the backyard.A.for
B.when
C.or
D.but 【解析】答案：B 考查連詞。句意：檢查了所有的東西之后，他坐下來開始寫作業(yè)，這時他聽到閃電擊中了后院的電線桿的聲音。此處用when表示“這時”。
15.If you are traveling __ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.A.in which
B.what
C.when
D.where 【解析】答案：D 句意：如果你正在一個風俗迥異的地方旅行，請入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。where引導地點狀語從句；A項in which在定語從句的引導詞，缺少先行詞，所以不正確。16.--Could you please cut the price a little?--Er...________ you buy more than ten.A.even if
B.so long as
C.in case
D.as soon as 【解析】答案：B 句意：— 你能降一點價嗎？— 呃……只要你買十個以上。so long as只要；even if即便，即使；in case以防萬一；as soon as一……就……。
17.It was foolish of you to take a taxi ________ you could easily walk there in five minutes.A.though
B.as long as
C.so that
D.when 【解析】答案：D 考查連詞。句意：你五分鐘就可以走到那兒的，可你還打的去，真是太傻了。根據(jù)語意可知此處用when引導狀語從句，意為“既然，考慮到”。though意為“盡管，雖然”；as long as意為“只要”；so that意為“為了”，都不符合題意。18.________ one is fully prepared, out door sports can sometimes mean injuries.A.Until
B.Because
C.When
D.Unless 【解析】答案：D 考查連詞辨析。句意：要是沒有充分準備的話，戶外運動有時會意味著受傷。根據(jù)語意選D項，表示“如果不……；除非……”。
19.There she was, standing exactly ________ I had left her, crying bitterly.A.when
B.that
C.where
D.in which 5 【解析】答案：C 考查狀語從句。句意：她就站在我剛才離開她的那個地方悲痛地哭。where I had left her是地點狀語從句。
20.The new teacher was so well organized that she began ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.A.when
B.in which
C.how
D.where 【解析】答案：D 考查狀語從句。句意：這位新老師條理非常清楚，她從我們昨天停止的地方開始，沒有遺漏要點。where we stopped yesterday是狀語從句。21.--Could you do me a favour?
--It depends on ________ it is.A.which
B.whichever
C.what
D.whatever 【解析】答案：C what在此導賓語從句，what在賓語從句中用作表語，句意為：這要看是什么(即這要看你要我?guī)褪裁疵?。
22.________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what
B.No matter which
C.Whatever
D.whichever 【解析】答案：D 從句意上看，應一個表示“無論哪一個”的選項，因此B和D比較合適，但No matter which只用于引導狀語從句，不用于引導名詞性從句，故不能選B。23.--It’s thirty years since we last met.--But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ________ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which
B.that
C.what
D.when 【解析】答案：B that在此引導同位=語從句，修飾名詞the story。此題的難點是，其中插入了believe it or not，使問題變得復雜了。
24.See the flags on top of the building? That was ________ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 【解析】答案：D what在此引導表語從句，同時what在表語從句中用作動詞did的賓語，其意相當于did the thing that。
25.A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.A.if
B.when
C.that
D.which 【解析】答案：C that在此引導同位語從句，修飾名詞thought。此題的難點是，名詞thought與修飾它的同位語從句被分離開了。
26.The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.6 A.which was
B.it was
C.which were
D.them were
【解析】答案：C 容易誤選A 或B, 將A、B 中的 which和 it 誤認為是其后句子的主語。around which were high mountains是一個由 “介詞+which” 引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains, around which是表語，所以句子謂語應用復數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was。
請做下面一組題（答案均為C）：
（1）Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.A.which is
B.it is
C.which are
D.them are（2）The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.A.which are
B.it is
C.which is
D.them are（3）Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.A.which are
B.it is
C.which is
D.them are 27.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.what
【解析】答案：C 容易誤選 B，認為around 是介詞，選which用以代替前面的名詞hospital, 在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。以上語法分析并不算錯，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點不合情理，因為人們通常是在醫(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞, 意為 “在附近”；其后的 where引導定語從句用以修飾其前的地點名詞 hospital, 句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去買藥治我的手傷？ 28._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It
B.As
C.That
D.What
【解析】答案：B 容易誤選 A，認為此處應填一個形式主語。as 引導的是一個非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：
_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It
B.As
C.That
D.What
此題答案選 A，it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。再比較下面一組題，其中第（1）題選 B，第（2）題選 D：
7（1）______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which
B.As
C.That
D.It（2）______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which
B.As
C.That
D.It 29.Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.A.which
B.when
C.how
D.where 【解析】答案：A which 在定語從句中用作主語。
30.Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A.where
B.when
C.that
D.which 【解析】答案：A where 在定語從句中用作狀語。
附加題
1.David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.A.that
B.who
C.as
D.whom 【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項中的 that，便認為這是考查such…… that ……句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。最佳答案為C, 不是A, 因為在such…… that ……（如此……以至……）結構中，that引導的是結果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當句子成分，若在上句填入 such …… that ……，句末的動詞 like 缺賓語。選C 的理由如下：as用作關系代詞，用以引導定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時 as在定語從句中用作動詞 like 的賓語，句意為 “所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學可能還會問，假若選A, 能否將其后的 that 視為引導定語從句的關系代詞呢？不能，因為當先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應用關系代詞 as 來引導，而不用that。比較下面一題，答案為A, 因為 like 后有自己的賓語 him。David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.A.that
B.who
C.as
D.whom 請再做以下試題（答案選D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A.like
B.that
C.which
D.as 2.The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.that
B.it
C.them
D.which
【陷阱】容易誤選 C, 用 them 代指 the buses。最佳答案是D。most of which were already full為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses。類似地，以下各題也選D。
8（1）His house, for _______ he paid , 000, is now worth , 000.A.that
B.it
C.them
D.which（2）Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.A.that
B.it
C.them
D.which
（3）This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.A.that
B.it
C.them
D.which 類似地, 以下各題選 whom, 不選 them:（4）George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A.that
B.him
C.them
D.whom
（5）Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A.that
B.who
C.them
D.whom（6）I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.A.that
B.who
C.them
D.whom 3.He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.A.whom
B.them
C.which
D.who
【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students。最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of ……的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B.比較以下各題（答案均選A）:（1）He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.A.which
B.them
C.what
D.that
（2）He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.A.them
B.which
C.what
D.that（3）He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.whom
B.them
C.which
D.who（4）He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of ____ knew anything about the other.A.them
B.whom
C.which
D.who 4.He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.A.whom
B.them
C.which
D.who
【陷阱】容易誤選 A, 認為這是非限制性定語從句。最佳答案是B, 這不是非限制性定語從 句，而是一個獨立主格結構，因為空格后的動詞 invited并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個 過去分詞。當然，假若在 invited前加上助動詞 were, 則是一個非限制性定語從句, 答案
便應選A。比較：
（1）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.A.which
B.them
C.what
D.that 答案選B, none of them carried out in their work是獨立主格結構，carried out 為過去分詞。
（2）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _____ were carried out in their work.A.which
B.them
C.what
D.that 答案選A, none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語從句，注意與上例比較 句中多了一個助動詞were.（3）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of __ were carried out in their work.A.which
B.them
C.what
D.that
答案選B, 由于兩句之間增加了一個并列連詞but, 使得該句成了一個并列句。
5.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents seated together joking.A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that 【陷阱】容易誤選, 認為這是非限制性定語從句。最佳答案是A。與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結構，因為空格后 的動詞seated不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為 seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。比較以 下相似題：
（1）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that 選B。whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為其后有完整的謂語 were seated.（2）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that 選A。因為句中有并列連詞and, 整個句子為并列句。
（3）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that 選A。their parents sitting together joking 為獨立主格結構。
（4）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents sat together joking.A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that 10 選B。whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語從句，因為句中有完整的謂語sat。（5）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that 選B。whose parents were sitting together joking為非限制性定語從句，因為句中有完整的謂語 were sitting。
6.If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.A.as
B.which
C.what
D.that
【陷阱】容易誤選A 或B, 認為這是非限制性定語從句。正確答案為D，注意逗號前是一個條件狀語從句，逗號后是該狀語從句的主句，that在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that, 而不選 which：（1）If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.A.as
B.which
C.and it
D.that（2）If you want a double room, _____ will cost another￡15.A.as
B.which
C.what
D.that（3）Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.A.that
B.which
C.and it
D.so（4）When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.A.as
B.which
C.what
D.that 7.She says that she’ll never forget the time _ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A.which
B.when
C.how
D.where 【陷阱】容易誤選B, 機械地認為時間名詞后必須用關系副詞when，地點名詞后用關系副詞 where.正確答案為A.在時間名詞和地點名詞后是否用關系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關系代詞；若用作狀語，則用關系副詞。上面一題中的動詞 spent缺賓語，故應用關系代詞 which或that。比較下面一組題：（1）She says that she’ll never forget the time _______ she works as a secretary in our company.A.which
B.when
C.how
D.where 選B。由于空格后的句子不缺少主語或賓語，所以選關系副詞when。（2）Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A.which
B.when
C.how
D.where 選A。which在定語從句中用作動詞 bought 的賓語。
名詞性從句包括：
主語從句
表語從句
賓語從句
同位語從句
? The question is who can complete the difficult task.? He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.? That she was able to come made us very happy.? He objected that it was impossible.一、主語從句
1、主語從句在復合句中作主句的主語
That she was chosen made us very happy.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注】 “that”在主語從句中不作任何成分，但放在句首時不能省略。
2、問：怎么才能 that 不放在句首呢？
答：有時為了使句子結構平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，而把從句放在后面。
It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.試試看：新產品銷售得好不好取決于它的質量和價格。
It作形式主語的幾種結構：
1、It+ be +形容詞+ that從句
It is strange that he knows nothing about it.2、It+ be +名詞+ that從句
It is a pity that they have failed in the match.3、It+動詞+賓語+ that從句
It depends on its quality and price whether a new product sells well.4、It+動詞的被動結構+ that從句
It is still unknown which team will win the match.作文常用句式：
1、It turned out that...結果是?
2、It has been proved that...已經(jīng)證明?
3、It is well-known that...眾所周知?
4、It must be pointed out that...必須指出?
二、表語從句
1、表語從句在復合句中作主句的表語
The reason is that you don’t trust her.This is where I disagree.例：The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied． reason 后面的表語從句只能用that 引導, 不能用because 引導, 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why。
2、表語從句不能用if引導，但可用as if引導。例如： He looked as if he was going to cry.三、賓語從句
賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語，賓語從
句一般放在動詞、介詞或形容詞后。
She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.【注】
① 有時要用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.①
如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問詞引
導的賓語從句，疑問詞要放在句首。
What do you think is going on outside? ③
I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語從句
時，反義疑問句要與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。
I don’t suppose he cares，does he? ④ 在賓語從句中，引導詞whether和if基本一樣，但介詞后的賓語
從句多用whether。
It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.⑤ 動詞doubt如用于肯定句，其后的賓語從句常用if/whether引導，如用于否定句或疑問句，則賓語從句用that引導。
I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I don’t doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位語從句
在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名詞后面，用以說明該名詞的具體內容。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.?
引導同位語從句的關聯(lián)詞用that時，不能省略，不能用which替代
1.引導詞that與what的區(qū)別
? what從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)what=all that/everything that ? that引導的主語從句放在句首時，不能省略
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.2.引導詞if和whether的區(qū)別
? whether或if均可表示“是否”的情況如下：
引導賓語從句。例如：
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.? 只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況：
? 在表語從句中。例如：
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.? 在同位語從句中。例如：
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.Answer my question whether you are coming.? 在主語從句中。例如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.如果用it作形式主語，則whether和if都能引導主語從句。
例如：It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.? 用于句型“名詞+as to + whether”中。例如：
There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the accident.? 后面直接跟動詞不定式時。例如：
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.? 后面緊接or not時。例如：
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.? 用if會引起歧義時。例如：
Please let me know if you like it.該句有兩個意思 “請告訴我你是否喜歡”或 “如果你喜歡，請告 訴我”用了 whether就可以避免歧義。3.引導詞who與whoever的區(qū)別
whoever引導名詞性從句時，相當于anyone who或those who，它
既是從句的主語，又是主句的主語。而who只作從句的主語，它
引導的從句才是主句的主語。
Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected president doesn’t make much difference to me.4.引導詞what與whatever的區(qū)別
whatever引導名詞性從句時，與what差不多，只是語氣上更強
些，有“任何一切??”之意。
? This is exactly what I want.? It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.5.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
同位語從句本身完整，定語從句不完整，因此其前的名詞在定語從句中通常作主語、賓語或表語等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.從結構看，同位語從句常由連接詞that引導，雖在從句中不充 當任何成分,但不可省略。而定語從句中由關系代詞引導，代替先行 詞，并在從句中充當成分（主語或賓語），充當賓語時?？墒÷?。6.It 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較
將 “it is/was?that?”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是強調句,否則是that引導的主語從句 如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.7.whoever與no matter who；whatever與no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語
從句；no matter who和no matter what只引導讓步狀語從句。Whatever(＝No matter what)you may think，I’m going ahead with my plans.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.9.名詞性從句中的語氣
(1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...＋that從句中，從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋原形動詞”表虛擬語氣，且should 可省略。
It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.(2)表示“建議、命令、要求”意義的動詞，后接that從句時，從句
中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should＋原形動詞”，且should 可省略。
Bob’s doctor suggests that he(should)rest for a few days.(3)表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，后接that從句時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣：“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。
這類名詞有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand, determination，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement等。This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.同樣，如主語是表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，那么that引導的表語從句中也要用虛擬語氣。
Her suggestion was that they(should)carry on their conversation in French.
狀語從句 聯(lián)系鏈： 1。引導詞的角度
（1）可以同時用于名詞性從句和狀語從句的引導詞：when , whatever , that , where(2)可以同時用于形容詞性從句和狀語從句的引導詞：as , that , where , when 2.功能的角度
（1）狀語從句具有副詞的功能
（2）定語從句具有形容詞的功能
（3）名詞性從句具有名詞的功能 3.從句所作成分的角度
（1）名詞性從句充當：主語，賓語，表語，同位語
（2）形容詞性從句充當：定語
（3）副詞性從句充當：狀語 4.句子結構的角度
(1)狀語從句和名詞性從句成分完整(2)定語從句成分不完整 5。語序角度
狀語從句
倒裝
特殊句式 6。連詞角度
主從句的邏輯關系
兩個句子的關系
并列句 知識鏈
1。狀語從句
時間狀語從句
地點狀語從句
原因狀語從句
目的狀語從句
條件狀語從句
結果狀語從句
讓步狀語從句
比較狀語從句
方式狀語從句 2。功能角度
在整個主從句中作狀語 3。從句關系角度
主從句中的主謂不一致
4。主從句位置角度
可前可后 5。語境角度
主從句邏輯關系
選擇連詞
部分連詞引起的倒裝 6。時態(tài)的角度
時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用將來時，從句一般用現(xiàn)在時 模型鏈 狀語從句
定義：在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。狀語從句通常由一個連詞引起，也可以由一個起連詞作用的詞組引起，有時甚至不需要連詞直接和主句連接起來。狀語從句一般分為九大類（見下表）1．時間狀語從句：
在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態(tài)一致，一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時?？梢砸龑r間狀語從句的連詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主從句之間的時間關系，又可分類如下：
(1)表示同時性，即主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。其連詞有：when（當……的時候）, while（當……的時候）, as（當……的時候）, as soon as（一……就……）, once（一旦……）等。如： Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。
While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有對比的意思）我洗地板的時候，你可以擦窗戶。
As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的時候遇到了我的一位老同學。I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答復就給你打電話。Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦見過他，就不會忘了他的。
(2)表示先時或后時，即主句的謂語動作發(fā)生在從句之前或之后，主要連詞有：after（在……之后）, before（在……之前）, when(=after)等。如：
After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前，所以從句用了過去完成時）孩子睡覺了以后她開始備課。
He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前，所以主句用了過去完成時）他去倫敦之前已學了三年英語。
It was not long before I forgot it all.(It is / was / will be …before…是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和從句的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，時態(tài)一致）
我還沒來得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在漢語中的譯義)(3)表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性，即從句描述的不是一次性動作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習慣性動作。主要連詞有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每當）等。例如：
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當我們遇上困難的時候，他們就來幫我們。Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次進城，總要來看看我們的學校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。
（4）表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性，主要連詞有：since（自從）, ever since（自從）, until（直到……才/為止）, till（直到……才/為止）等。如： It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was… since…是常用句型）
我們到這兒剛剛一星期。(主句的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間較短，不能用ever since)You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用來表示說話者強調主句動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間長）自從James走后你一直在給我朗讀。
The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.(ever since可以放在句末，since則不能)這只一向日夜不停打點報時的大鐘在戰(zhàn)爭中損壞了，從此就一直不響了。
My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，從那以后他一直生活在那里。
Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上發(fā)生了意外。
I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.(但Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.“till”不位于句首)他告訴我了我才知道。2． 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（無論哪里）引導的： Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(這里where引導的從句不是定語從句)哪有問題，你最好在哪做個記號。
He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他無論在什么地方，總是與我們保持聯(lián)系。
3．原因狀語從句
表示原因的狀語從句可以由as（由于）, because(因為), since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, considering that（顧及到）, seeing that（由于）等連詞引導：
I do it because I like it.因為我喜歡我才干。(because不能與 so連用)He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能見過我，因為當時我不在那兒。
Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都沒到會，我們決定延期開會。
Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都來了，咱們就設法做出一個決定吧。
As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她沒來參加晚會。
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考慮到他們才剛剛學做，他們干得算很不錯的了。
4.目的狀語從句
引導目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（為了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（萬一）等，從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：
Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早點兒放學是為了讓孩子們在暴風雨到來之前回家。
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字寫下省得忘了。（該從句中一般用情態(tài)動詞should+動詞原形，或省略should）
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會冷。
5.結果狀語從句
引導結果狀語從句的連詞有：that, so that（從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞）, so…that(如此……以致..), such…that(如此……以致……)等。
What has happened that you all look so excited? 發(fā)生了什么事，使你們都顯得如此興奮？
He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.他沒把時間計劃好，結果沒按時完成這項工作。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我們走得匆忙，把門都忘了鎖了。（such是形容詞，后接名詞）
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒有。（so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞）
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that….Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。
但是，當名詞前有many, much, few, little(少)修飾時，要用so,不能用such。例如：
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊，紫一塊。He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨。
I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.我當時囊腫羞澀，連一份小小禮物都買不起。6． 條件狀語從句
表示條件的狀語從句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（萬一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（條件是……）, suppose（假設）, supposing（假設）（僅用在問句中）等詞或詞組引導。一般情況下當主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.萬一你有什么困難，請給我們一個信兒。
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.如果你明早6點鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個房間。
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.據(jù)我所知，他是一個DNA專家。
He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他會接受這項工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?假設我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們怎么辦？
7． 方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句常由as（與……一樣）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等詞引導：
Do in Rome as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Leave things as they are.讓一切順其自然。
She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.她站在門口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引導的從句中可用虛擬語氣）8． 比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句常由than（比）, as（與……一樣）等詞引導： It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我們的國家同整個歐洲一樣大。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.結果不如我預料的那么好。The busier he is, the happier he feels.（常見句型）他越忙越開心。9． 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句由although（盡管）, though（盡管）, however（無論怎樣）, whatever（無論什么）, whoever（無論誰）, whomever（無論誰）, whichever（無論哪個）, whenever（無論何時）, wherever（無論哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（無論……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等詞引導。如：
We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。
It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一場精彩的球賽，盡管一個球都沒進。(though, although不能與 but連用)Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，這是真的。
However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.無論它有多貴，我也要買下它。Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.不管他們是誰，別讓他們進來。
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.無論我說什么或怎么說，他總認為是我錯。連詞as也可以引導讓步狀語從句，但從句中要用特殊語序。如：
Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….他雖然年輕，但懂得很多。(though 也有這種用法，可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法)though還可以用作副詞，放在句末。如：
It was hard work;;I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦，但是我喜歡干。
狀語從句
定義：在復合句中作狀語的從句
（2）as “一邊一邊”“隨著”引導持續(xù)性動作，側重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生 I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.（3）While：指的是“在某一時間里”，“在…期間”，從句里的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強調主句和從句動作的同時發(fā)生，往往側重主句和從句動作的對比.He is tall while his brother is short 注意：如果同時出現(xiàn)，用when 位置：狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。
分類：按意義可分為時間、條件、地點、原因、目的、結果、讓步.方式、比較等狀語從句。一 時間狀語從句(主將從現(xiàn))before用法（1）在…之前(2)“就”、“才”
1.基本類：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as
it is/will be +一段時間+before+句子“還要多久才，多久之后才/就”
2.名詞類（由名詞詞組充當引導詞）：the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, till和until用法
(一…就…);every time, each time, the last time, the first time, by the time，（1）都可以用于肯定句，譯為“直到。才”
3.副詞類（由副詞充當引導詞）：immediately, directly, instantly,(一...就...)soon after, shortly after
4.句型類no sooner…than…, hardly… when…, scarcely…when/before.(一…就…)
用法:（1）中間用過去完成時，后面用一般過去式。
（2.）no sooner/hardly/scarcely放在句首時,過去完成時句子部分倒裝，后面不倒裝。No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（必背）
1、連接詞when、while、as ⑴when①“正當…時候”，即可引導持續(xù)性動作，又可引導短暫性動作。
可以表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同時）When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動作在前）When 的四個短語 be about to do sth when … 正要做。。這時
be doing sth when …正在做。。這時
be on the point of doing sth when …正要做。。這時
just …when …正。。這時
(2)否定句不用till，用until，短語“not …until..”直到。才。（3）放在句首表示強調時一般用until不用till
eg Until he returns,nothing can be done
（4）倒裝句：not until 放句首，后面第二個句子部分倒裝。
（5）強調句：結構 it is not until +被強調部分+that + 其他since 用法
since結構 現(xiàn)在完成時+since+過去時 since強調句 it is +一段時間+since +過去時
二 條件狀語從句（主將從現(xiàn)）
引導詞: if（如果）, unless=if…not（除非,如果不）, as long as =so long as（只要), in case(that)(以防,萬一), on condition that(只要，條件是), if only(要是...多好), only if(只要), supposing/ suppose(假設，如果)provided that /providing(如果)，assuming that（假設）seeing that（考慮到，鑒于）,considering that（考慮到）, given that（假設）
三 地點狀語從句
常用引導詞：where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.eg It is such an interesting book that she has read it twice.注意：1不可數(shù)名詞一定與such連用 2可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)一定與such連用 3 little譯為“少的”與so 連用，譯為“小的”通常與such 連用。
七 讓步狀語從句（主將從現(xiàn)）
引導詞：though, although, as(盡管，雖然), even if, even though（即使）, while（然
四 原因狀語從句
而，盡管，一般用在句首）wh-ever, no matter wh-, whether…or…(不管。還是。。)常用引導詞：because（因為）, since（既然）, as（由于）, now that（既然），注意：1.although,though.不與but連用，可與still，yet連用
in that（因為）,.2.as/though引導讓步狀語從句時從句部分語序要部分倒裝。
because, since，as的區(qū)別：
結構：n.(無冠詞)/adj./adv./v +as/though +主語＋謂語(時態(tài))
eg：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.五 目的狀語從句
Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）
引導詞：so that（以便于）, in order that（以便于，為了），lest（以防）, in case3、no matter wh-…只用于讓步狀語從句，wh+ever用于讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句,同（以防，萬一）, for fear that（以防，擔心，害怕），in the hope that（希望能）, for the
時出現(xiàn)用wh+ever
purpose that（為了）, to the end that（為了）
八 比較狀語從句
六 結果狀語從句
常用引導詞：as(同級比較):as…as..(和…一樣)not as/so as(不如…)
引導連詞有so that（以便于）, so….that, such….that…(如此。。以至于…)
than(不同程度的比較)1.so…that… 與such…that… 的區(qū)別 so +adj./adv.+that so +adj.+a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ that so +many/much/few/little+名詞+that eg ：It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice such +a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that such +adj.+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that such +a lot of/lots of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that
特殊引導詞：the 比較級。。，the +比較級…;（越…,越…）
越來越…（比較級and 比較級，more and more +多音節(jié)adj/adv）
just as …(正如)，A is to B what /as C is to D（A對于B就像C對于D）;
no … more than（不如。。）
九 方式狀語從句
引導詞: as(象….一樣,正如),as if/as though(好像,似乎)
how/however +adj/adv +主語+謂語（體現(xiàn)時態(tài)），the way（像。。的方式）
時間狀語從句練習題
一、鞏固練習
1.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes __d___ I heard the voices.A.as
B.after
C.while
D.when 2.Hardly had he arrived in Hongkong ____a____ she rang me up.A.when B.than C.that D.and 3.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ____d____ I could answer the phone.A.as
B.since
C.until
D.before 4.The roof fell __c___ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.A.before
B.as
C.after
D.until 5.Scientists say it may be five or ten years __a___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.since
B.before
C.after
D.when 6._d__ the Internet is bringing the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.A.When
B.If
C.As
D.While 7.____a____ they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.A.Immediately B.The moment C.The while D.All the above 8.I saw Mr.Smith last Sunday.We had not seen each other ___c_____ I left London.A.as
B.before
C.since
D.till 9.The problem won’t be settled until we ____a____ a chance to discuss it thoroughly.A.have had
B.will have
C.will have had
D.would have 10.Why do you want to find a new job ______d__ you’ve got such a good one already? A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
二、高考真題
1.I used to love that film ___b__ I was a child, but I don't feel it that way any more.(2008遼寧卷)A.once B.when C.since D.although 2.Nancy enjoyed herself so much ___c__ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.（2008福建）A.that B.which C.when D.where 3.There were some chairs left over ___b__ everyone had sat down.（2008四川卷）A.when B.until C.that D.where 4.In some places women are expected to earn money __b__ men work at home and raise their children.A.but B.while C.because D.though 5.___b___the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.(2008卷)A.If B.While C.Because D.As 6.I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time __a__ Brian get back.（2008北京卷）A.before B.since C.till D.after 7.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ___a_____ we’ve actually had that lesson.[2007 天津卷] A.until B.after C.since D.when
8.He was told that it would be at least three more months ______b_____he could recover and return work.A.when B.before C.since D.that
9.____d____ I really don’t like art ,I find his work impressive.[2007 山東卷] A．As B．Since C．If D．While
10.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time ___b__ we meet them again.[2007 安徽卷]
A.after B.before C.since D.when
狀語從句之時間狀語從句
一． 概念及分類
句子可以分為簡單句，并列句和復合句。復合句中從句可分為定語從句，名詞性從句和狀語從句。
用來修飾謂語動詞，其他動詞，定語，狀語或整個句子的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為：時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句、方式狀語從句、結果狀語從句。
DaMing is a brave boy.DaMing is a brave boy and he always does something special.DaMing is a brave boy, who always does something special.二，時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的連接詞一般有When, while, as, before, after, since, as soon as，until/till等。When 觀察下面例句，總結其用法
1.When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小時候就常常試驗一些新的設想。
2.When she came into my room, I was just reading a book.她走進我房間時，我正在看書。
3.Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老師進來的時候，你在寫信嗎？ 4.Sorry, I was out when you called me.對不起，你打電話來的時候我出去了。
總結：從句表示動作可以______________也可以_________________,主句和從句的先后關系_______________________________________ When從句一般用于過去時比較多，主句無時態(tài)限制。
練習
Eg:When I got to the airport, the guests had left.當我趕到飛機場時，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。1.When he had finished his homework, he_______(take)a short rest.當他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會兒。
2.Why do you want a new job when you____________(get)such a good one already?
你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？
3.You shall borrow the book when I _____________(finish)reading it.在我讀完這本書后，你可以借閱。
4.When the manager________(come)here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.下周，經(jīng)理來這參觀時，我會和他談談此事。
when可以和延續(xù)性動詞連用，也可以和短暫性動詞連用 ①
Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already？
（get為短暫性動詞）你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？
② Sorry，I was out when you called me．
（call為短暫性動詞）對不起，你打電話時我剛好外出了。③ Strike when the iron is hot．
（is為延續(xù)性動詞，表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)）趁熱打鐵。④ The students took notes when they listened．（listen為延續(xù)性動詞）學生們邊聽課邊做筆記。when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發(fā)生 1．從句動作在主句動作前發(fā)生
① When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．（finished先發(fā)生）當他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會兒。
② When I got to the airport，the guests had left．（got to后發(fā)生）當我趕到飛機場時，客人們已經(jīng)離開了。2．從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生
①When we were dancing，a stranger came in． 當我們跳舞時，一位陌生人走了進來。
③ When she was making a phonecall，I was writing a letter．當她在打電話時，我正在寫信。填空并翻譯
1．_________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.2．_________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.3．I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train.4．Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him.5.They were about to leave ______ it began to rain.在下列句子中，when的含義是____________________,作為并列連詞 1.We were having a meeting when someone broke in.2.We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain 3.She was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang.4.He had just finished his homework when someone asked him to play basketball.總結：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 練習: 翻譯一下句子
1.我正要出去有位訪客來了。
____________________________________________________ 2.他正要去上學天下雨了。
____________________________________________________ 3.我剛吃過飯，媽媽讓我寫作業(yè)。
____________________________________________________ 4.When I lived there, I used to go to the beach on Sundays.___________________________________________________ 5.When the film ended, the people went back.____________________________________________________-
狀語從句(狀語從句的引導詞都是連詞)一．時間狀語從句
1.when； while； as 作為“當”區(qū)別
while：①后接延續(xù)性動詞，強調主句動作在從句動作過程之中發(fā)生
eg.While you are in the post office, could you post the letter for me? ②位于句首表“雖然”，位于句中表“然而”
eg.While he is young, he has been to many countries.(雖然)
He is young, while he has been to many countries.(然而）As: ①當 強調主句動作與從句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生
eg.As the starter’s pistol fires, you should begin to run as soon as possible.②正如eg.He walks as a duck does.③隨著 eg.As time goes by, my views on things are changing all the way.④因為 eg.As everyone is here, we begin our meeting.⑤盡管（倒裝）eg.Child as he is, he has been to many countries.介詞：作為 eg.As a teacher I should set a good example for students.When: 既可以同時，先后，之中發(fā)生，后也可以接延續(xù)性動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞
①固定句型 主句（過去進行時）+ when +從句（過去式）強調從句動作于主句動作過程之中發(fā)生。
Eg.I was reading, when my mother came in.②既然
eg.When you have got such a good job, why do you want to change to another?
③在….之后
eg.When I graduated, I began to work.④ 突然，這時
eg.I was about to tell her the secret, when someone patted me on the shoulder from behind 2.一…..就……
as soon as;the moment;the minute;the instant;hardly……when;
barely…..when;scarcely…..when;no sooner….than
eg.The boys jumped into the swimming pool as soon as they arrived at the swimming pool.eg.The boys had hardly arrived at the swimming pool when they jumped into swimming pool.eg.Hardly had the boys arrived at the swimming pool when they jumped into swimming
pool.(部分倒裝句---助動詞位于主語前，格式同一般疑問句)3.與time有關
The first time, next time, the last time, each time, every time, by the time The first time I met her, I fell for her.Next time I met her, I returned the money to her.The last time I met her, it was 5 years ago.Each/ every time I pass by the shop, I will sit down to eat something.By the time +過去時間/過去時句子
主句（過去完成時）By the time +將來時間/一般時句子
主句（將來完成時）By last October, I had started to work.By the time I graduated, I had started to work.By next oct.I will have started to work.By the time I graduate, I will have started to work.4.雜項
Until, not…..until, since, before, after Until 譯成“直到”是終點，主句動作必須是延續(xù)性動詞，I did my homework until my mother came back.Not….until 譯成“直到…才”是起點，I did not do my homework , until my mother came back.Since和before It + be +一段時間+__ 連詞___+從句（時態(tài)）It will be + 一段時間+ __before____+從句(一般時）It was +一段時間+____before____+從句（過去時）It is/ has been +一段時間+___since______+從句（過去時）It was +一段時間+___since______+ 從句（過去完成時）
It was eight o’clock ___A___ I came back.it was at eight o’clock ___B____ I came back.A.when
B.that C.before D.since
二．讓步狀語從句
1.though/although 雖然，不與but連用
Though it is cloudy, it is very hot.2.even if /enen though 即使
even if是不存在的事實，even though是已存在的事實
Even if you have 10 million dollars, you should not waste money.(你沒有一千萬)
Even though you have 10 million dollars, you should not waste money.(你有一千萬)3.even so 即便如此 even though +句子
Your father is a good driver;even so, I dare not travel in his car.Even though your father is a good driver, I dare not travel in his car.4.while 位于句首表“雖然”，位于句中表“然而” eg.While he is a little child, he has been to many countries.He is a little child, while he has been to many countries.5.however = no matter how
Whatever=no matter what
Whichever=no matter which……….eg.However hard you may study english, you can not master it in a month.6.whether……or…..要么。。要么。。，無論
eg.Whether you play or do something else, please don’t disturb me.7.as/though 倒裝
名詞（零冠詞）/形容詞/副詞/動詞+ as/though 從句，+ 主句 Child as he is, he has read a lot of books.Yong as/though he is, he has read a lot of books.Hard as/though he worked, he can’t support his big family.Try as/though he did again, he failed again.三．原因狀語從句
Because, since, as, for, in that(原因在于), now that（既然，由于）, considering(that)=given(that)考慮到，seeing(that)鑒于，not that……….but that………不是因為而是因為 Because用法：
1.why提問，一定用because回答 eg.----Why were you late?----Because I helped a blind man to cross the crossing road.2.表語從句中
eg.It was because he had helped a blind man to cross the crossing road.3.強調句中 it is/was + 被強調的成分 +that +剩余句子
I t was because he had helped a blind man to cross the crossing road that he became late Since/as 大家都知道的原因 since比as 正式 eg.Since everyone is here, we begin our meeting.For 非直接性原因
eg.It is broken, for the birds are singing.Eg.Seeing your house is far away from here, you are allowed to arrive here one hour later.The train D331 stopped to take passengers, in that it poured.Now that it is very hot, shall we go swimming?
Considering /Given(that)we are all tired, we can take a nap.Not that I don’t like playing basketball, but that I am under the weather today.四．條件狀語從句
If, unless(if……not), on condition that(條件是)，as/so long as(只要)，in case(以防)，once（一旦），suppose that, supposing that, providing that, provided that, given that Eg.The terrorists agree to set free the hostages, on condition that we give them five million dollars.Carry umbrella with you, in case it rains.Suppose that you only have ten-day life, what will you do?
五.目的狀語從句
So that….，so…….that……，in order that……, for fear(that)=lest唯恐，以免 Eg.He sdudied hard, for fear that he should fall behind.He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.六．結果狀語從句
So….that，such…..that，so that….Eg.He got up so early that he caught the first bus.So + adj./adv.+ that eg.She looks so pretty that all people likes her.She worked so hard that he got promoted soon.So adj.+a/an +n.that
such +a/an+ adj..+n that It is so tall a tree that we can’t surround it.It is such a tall tree that we can’t surround it.Such adj.+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)
+that It is such good weather that we should go climbing.They are such tall trees that we can’t see its top.So many/much/little/few +不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)
+that There are so many books on the table that I can’t use it to study on.There is so little water in the pond that we can see its bottom.七.比較狀語從句
Than, the more……the more…..(越…..越…..)，as…….as……(和…..一樣….)，not as/so…… as…..Eg.People always think that the more expensive the cloth is, the better the quality is.He always does as much as he promises
八．方式狀語從句
As（正如）, as if/as though(正如), the way（用….的方式）Eg.He walks as a duck does.He talks about America as if he had been there before.I dealt with the business the way he tought me to.It looks/appears/seems as if/though …….看上去好像
It looks as if it is going to rain.As if/though to do就好像要
He opened his arm, as if to fly.九．地點狀語從句
Where Eg.Please put the book back where you took it.
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